Quarterly Studies in Banking Management and Islamic Banking

Abstract The aim of the article is to present a model of organizational indifference management for employees of state-owned banks, the case study of the Export Development Bank of Iran. The research method is qualitative in terms of the nature of the data, and the research strategy is mixed phenomenology (descriptive-interpretive). The research is exploratory and its main goal is to identify the factors affecting the management of organizational indifference. In order to achieve theoretical saturation, a number of experts, managers, and experts in the banking system, as well as those suffering from the issue of organizational indifference, were interviewed through snowball sampling. The results of the article are that the factors affecting organizational indifference were divided into three main categories, including structural factors, behavioral factors, and finally environmental factors. Structural factors refer to organizational arrangements and management actions related to organizational mechanisms in order to prevent and respond to the occurrence of indifference behaviors among employees, which of course can be classified as both positive and negative structural factors. The second factor is behavioral, which oversees a set of factors that control the individual and psychological characteristics of employees and, from a cognitive perspective, help the organization manage organizational indifference. Finally, environmental factors oversee a set of factors that are formed from outside the organization and at the forefront of organizational decision-making; these factors include policies, objectives, laws, regulations, and guidelines that formally guide and direct managers in managing employee indifference.

Abstract The nature of business and the scope of activities of financial institutions have made risk acceptance one of the main and undeniable components in these institutions; in other words, risk-taking is an inseparable part of any business, and achieving better economic performance will always involve greater uncertainty and, in other words, greater risk-taking. In the meantime, the special conditions governing the banking industry and the type of activity of banks in various fields such as granting facilities, investing, issuing various types of guarantees, bonds, certificates of deposit, and opening various types of documentary credits have caused the category of risk in banks and financial and credit institutions to be of particular importance. In this article, we have identified and quantified "operational risk factors affecting the dissatisfaction of customers requesting letter of credit opening services" in three Iranian state-owned banks using Bayesian networks based on information provided by experts and specialists in this type of process. The results of the article indicate that the weakness and errors of the internal system in the studied banks and the low experience and knowledge of human resources at the level of branches opening letters of credit and their inadequate training are the most important factors in the occurrence of operational risk in the aforementioned process

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of risk on the efficiency of banks using data coverage analysis. The statistical population of this study includes banks listed on and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the fiscal years 2012 to 2023. The collected data was examined using Excel software and then Deap software. This study is an applied research type. There are many methods in the field of applied research, the most important of which are historical, descriptive, correlational, causal (post-event), and experimental. In descriptive analysis, central and dispersion statistical indices are used; in inferential analysis, mixed regression is used to test the research hypotheses based on econometric models, and classical regression is used considering all assumptions. To examine the effect of risk on bank efficiency, after collecting the required data from the sampled banks, the researchers employed the data coverage analysis method to calculate the efficiency of each bank. Also, to examine the effect of risk on the efficiency of the banks under study in the years 2013 to 2022, the researchers estimated a model using the panel data regression econometric method for the three risks under study. The results reveal that there is no significant relationship between the risks under assessment and the efficiency of the banks.
 

Abstract Emphasizing the implementation of capital requirements using regulatory laws to prevent crises in the banking system and to reduce bank risks is one of the most important goals of central banks in maintaining banking health. Banks can improve their performance in order to increase their market share and profitability by relying on banking health assessment and central bank regulatory indicators. Accordingly, this study evaluates the effect of financial performance ratios of seventeen private commercial Iranian banks on the regulatory capital adequacy index during the years 2015-2022 through a two-stage dynamic panel data model. The findings of the model indicate that increasing the return on assets of banks and the ratio of earning assets positively and significantly increases capital adequacy. On the contrary, increasing non-current receivables leads to a decrease in capital adequacy. Other variables such as deposit interest, bank size, and return on equity do not have a significant effect on capital adequacy in this model.

Abstract The longest and most important chapter of the law approved by the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran on December 5, 2023 is Chapter Five, which is entitled Increasing the Supervisory Power of the Central Bank. One of the legal provisions that is designated in this chapter with the aim of increasing the supervisory power of the Central Bank is Credit Institution Resolution. Although Credit Institution Resolution is familiar to money market activists, the law of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the first law that has relatively detailed specifications on this legal provision. Article 33 of the above-mentioned law, entitled Credit Institution Resolution, is dedicated to stating the specifications and effects of the beginning of the resolution process. Before the approval of this law and the issuance of the ruling on resolution, the necessity of establishing specific regulations for the bankruptcy of banks and separating them from the general regulations on the bankruptcy of merchants was emphasized by researchers. The loss of the positions of the members of the board of directors and the executive board of the credit institution, the prohibition of banking operations for the credit institution undergoing resolution, and the limitation of the rights of the shareholders of the credit institution are the most important effects of the beginning of the resolution process. Explaining the regulations and effects of the resolution process and stating the objections to this provision of the Central Bank Law regarding this process is necessary, given its novelty in the Iranian law. In order to understand the level of effectiveness and efficiency of what has been decreed, the decrees issued must be evaluated with international standards and criteria; for this purpose, the key characteristics of the efficient resolution processes of financial institutions, which have been developed and published by the Financial Stability Board, have been used as the criterion.

Abstract The present study investigates the relationship between stock liquidity and dividend policies in banks with financial constraints. The research method is descriptive-correlational and its design is experimental with a post-event approach. In order to test the research hypotheses, the researchers used multiple linear regression based on panel data and a combination of cross-sectional and time series. These included statistical and econometric methods to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Subsequently, in order to find answers to the research questions, the researchers collected data from 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, selected over a ten-year period (from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2022), and performed the necessary statistical tests. The findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between stock liquidity and dividend policies, and a significant negative relationship between financial constraints and dividend policies. Also, financial constraints do not have a significant effect on the relationship between stock liquidity and dividend policies.