Quarterly Studies in Banking Management and Islamic Banking

Abstract Today, banking system plays a very important role in growth and development of countries. From the very beginning of banks establishment, they have two main and traditional tasks, namely, the equipping and allocation of resources. These two important tasks are implemented so that they collect the people's deposits on one hand and put it in various forms of allocation, on the other hand. In performing these tasks, banks face different internal and external barriers that affect their responsibilities. One of the external factors affecting the banking system is the volatile environment of economy and macroeconomic uncertainty. The macroeconomic instability and uncertainty ultimately reflect into two main variables of each economy, namely, production and inflation. This research seeks to investigate the effect of uncertainty and instability of macroeconomic variables (production and inflation) on the resources and expenditures of Iran banking system using GARCH techniques and Error Correction Model (ECM).
The results of the research show that the effect of instability and uncertainty of production growth on the growth of resources of the banking system (resource mobilization) is negative and significant and on the allocation of resources (growth of credits) is positive and significant, resulting in increasing the banks' credit risk. Moreover, in this study, the significance of the negative effect of instability of inflation on resource absorption and its positive effect on allocation of resources are not accepted.

Abstract In this study, to enhance the capacity of Islamic banking in the country with an emphasis on religious learnings and using nearly half a century of banking experience and financial institutions in the world to examine the experience of Islamic banks in five selected Islamic countries including Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Jordan and Bahrain, the question of whether the mobilization, allocation and collection of receivables frameworks are different in these countries is arose out and discussed. In this regard, the business models of banking systems in the selected countries as well as the way of funding, resource allocation and bad loan collection are discussed. The obtained results show that among the differences between interest-free Islamic banking law enacted in 1983 in Iran with that of other countries, the existence of dual banking system (Islamic banking law along with usual banking rules), resource funding on the basis of Mudaraba Contract, the use of restricted and unrestricted investment deposits, the establishment of an independent legal council to allocate some of delay penalties to the charities, and asymmetry in damage can also be addressed.

Abstract Having great potentials in the field of Islamic banking and Islamic financial markets, Malaysia is one of the prominent centers, and over the past years Malay banks have been able to play an important role in attracting Muslims and even non-Muslims’ liquidity utilizing new methods of Islamic banking. Iran, as a country which has operationalized the non-interest banking system in 1984, also enjoys a set of comprehensive laws in this respect. However, the country has not yet been able to succeed much in Islamic banking unlike Malaysia in spite of its potentials and infrastructures. Therefore, the present paper attempts to fully examine methods of allocation and mobilization of resources in Malay Islamic banking system so as to identify the gaps in the way contracts are executed in Iran’s banking system. The  paper first explicates the Malay Islamic banking system and then examines methods of allocation and mobilization of resources with respect to different types of contracts which can be used in combination with other type to guarantee abiding by Islamic jurisprudence. All the information in this research are based on literature reviews of documents produced by the Malaysia’s Central Bank.